{"id":10384,"date":"2026-10-20T07:43:23","date_gmt":"2026-10-20T05:43:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.siphoniker.at\/?p=10384"},"modified":"2026-11-02T16:37:36","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T15:37:36","slug":"voda-az-po-krk-spravna-ochrana-proti-spaetnemu-vzdutiu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.siphoniker.at\/sk\/voda-az-po-krk-spravna-ochrana-proti-spaetnemu-vzdutiu\/","title":{"rendered":"Voda a\u017e po krk: spr\u00e1vna ochrana proti sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu vzdutiu"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"10384\" class=\"elementor elementor-10384 elementor-10232\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-377c984 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"377c984\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c3d808 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8c3d808\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Podobne ako mnoh\u00e9 regi\u00f3ny Eur\u00f3py, aj Rak\u00fasko za\u017e\u00edva \u010doraz extr\u00e9mnej\u0161ie po\u010dasie. Po dlh\u00fdch obdobiach sucha a hor\u00fa\u010dav \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie nasleduj\u00fa intenz\u00edvne pr\u00edvalov\u00e9 da\u017ede, pri ktor\u00fdch v priebehu ve\u013emi kr\u00e1tkeho \u010dasu spadne obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo da\u017e\u010fovej vody. Predt\u00fdm vysu\u0161en\u00e1 p\u00f4da dok\u00e1\u017ee \u010dasto poja\u0165 len obmedzen\u00e9 mno\u017estvo tejto vody, tak\u017ee voda stek\u00e1 po povrchu a r\u00fdchlo sa hromad\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 nepriepustn\u00e9 spevnen\u00e9 plochy v zastavan\u00fdch oblastiach e\u0161te viac s\u0165a\u017euj\u00fa prirodzen\u00e9 vsakovanie.<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>D\u00f4sledkom s\u00fa lok\u00e1lne z\u00e1plavy, pre\u0165a\u017een\u00e9 odvod\u0148ovacie syst\u00e9my a prib\u00fadaj\u00face \u0161kody na budov\u00e1ch a infra\u0161trukt\u00fare. Najnov\u0161ie \u0161t\u00fadie ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee intenzita aj frekvencia pr\u00edvalov\u00fdch da\u017e\u010fov sa v Rak\u00fasku u\u017e zv\u00fd\u0161ili. Hodinov\u00e9 pr\u00edvalov\u00e9 da\u017ede s\u00fa definovan\u00e9 ako zr\u00e1\u017eky, pri ktor\u00fdch v priebehu jednej hodiny spadne mimoriadne ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo da\u017e\u010fovej vody. Intenzita t\u00fdchto hodinov\u00fdch pr\u00edvalov\u00fdch da\u017e\u010fov sa za posledn\u00e9 \u0161tyri desa\u0165ro\u010dia zv\u00fd\u0161ila pribli\u017ene o 15 % (GeoSphere Austria, 2025). Odborn\u00edci o\u010dak\u00e1vaj\u00fa, \u017ee tento trend bude pokra\u010dova\u0165. O to d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie je prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 budovy a odvod\u0148ovacie syst\u00e9my meniacim sa klimatick\u00fdm podmienkam a v\u010das prija\u0165 vhodn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 opatrenia.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d98fa96 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d98fa96\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6965b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d6965b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span lang=\"SK\">Pr\u00edvalov\u00fd d\u00e1\u017e\u010f: nepozvan\u00fd hos\u0165 v budove<\/span><\/h3><p>Pr\u00edvalov\u00e9 da\u017ede m\u00f4\u017eu na budov\u00e1ch sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 zna\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161kody. Ohrozen\u00e9 s\u00fa najm\u00e4 pivnice a pr\u00edzemia, preto\u017ee s\u00fa bu\u010f v priamom kontakte so zeminou, alebo maj\u00fa mno\u017estvo otvorov smerom von z budovy. Pr\u00ed\u010diny vniknutia vody m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 ve\u013emi rozmanit\u00e9 a treba ich zoh\u013eadni\u0165 u\u017e vo f\u00e1ze navrhovania budovy:<\/p><ul><li><strong>St\u00fapaj\u00faca podzemn\u00e1 voda:<\/strong> <br \/>Po intenz\u00edvnom da\u017edi m\u00f4\u017ee hladina podzemnej vody st\u00fapnu\u0165 a p\u00f4sobi\u0165 na stavebn\u00e9 kon\u0161trukcie v kontakte so zeminou. Pivnice a z\u00e1klady preto musia ma\u0165 odborne zhotoven\u00fa hydroizol\u00e1ciu zodpovedaj\u00facu nam\u00e1haniu vodou a vyhotoven\u00fa pod\u013ea <strong>\u00d6NORM B 3692<\/strong>. (Viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed n\u00e1jdete v \u010dl\u00e1nku <a href=\"https:\/\/www.siphoniker.at\/sk\/kritickych-1-ktore-sposobuje-90-skod-sposobenych-vodou\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kritick\u00e9 1%, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1 na svedom\u00ed 90% \u0161k\u00f4d sp\u00f4soben\u00fdch vodou<\/a>.)<\/li><li><strong>Prenikaj\u00faca da\u017e\u010fov\u00e1 voda:<br \/><\/strong>Povrchov\u00e1 voda m\u00f4\u017ee vnikn\u00fa\u0165 do budovy cez pivni\u010dn\u00e9 okn\u00e1, svetl\u00edky, vonkaj\u0161ie pivni\u010dn\u00e9 schody alebo dvere. Predch\u00e1dza\u0165 tomu pom\u00e1ha vhodn\u00e1 \u00faprava ter\u00e9nu a dostato\u010dne dimenzovan\u00e9 odvodnenie.<\/li><li><strong>Povodne:<br \/><\/strong>Pri povodniach sa vodn\u00e9 toky a plochy m\u00f4\u017eu vylia\u0165 z brehov a zaplavi\u0165 pozemky. Ke\u010f\u017ee ochrana samotnej budovy je \u010dasto mo\u017en\u00e1 len v obmedzenej miere, povod\u0148ov\u00e9 riziko treba zoh\u013eadni\u0165 u\u017e pri v\u00fdbere pozemku a pri pl\u00e1novan\u00ed.<\/li><li><strong>Sp\u00e4tn\u00e9 vzdutie:<br \/><\/strong>Pri pr\u00edvalov\u00fdch da\u017e\u010foch sa m\u00f4\u017ee verejn\u00e1 kanaliza\u010dn\u00e1 sie\u0165 pre\u0165a\u017ei\u0165, \u010do vedie k sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu vzdutiu. Bez vhodnej ochrany proti sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu vzdutiu m\u00f4\u017ee voda vnikn\u00fa\u0165 do budovy cez ni\u017e\u0161ie polo\u017een\u00e9 odtokov\u00e9 miesta. Toto riziko je \u010dasto podce\u0148ovanou pr\u00ed\u010dinou \u0161k\u00f4d sp\u00f4soben\u00fdch vodou v pivniciach.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b6fa0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"0b6fa0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe data-hl-waterways\r\n  src=\"https:\/\/www.hutterer-lechner.com\/widgets\/wasserwege\/?page=waterways&lang=sk&water=ground\"\r\n  title=\"HL \u00b7 Najprv pochopi\u0165 pr\u00ed\u010dinu\"\r\n  width=\"100%\" height=\"1000\" loading=\"lazy\"\r\n  style=\"display:block;border:0;width:100%;\"\r\n><\/iframe>\r\n<script src=\"https:\/\/www.hutterer-lechner.com\/widgets\/wasserwege\/?page=waterways&lang=sk&water=ground\/embed.js\" async><\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af47478 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"af47478\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span lang=\"SK\">\u010co je sp\u00e4tn\u00e9 vzdutie a ako vznik\u00e1?<\/span><\/h3><p>Kanaliza\u010dn\u00e9 siete sa dimenzuj\u00fa tak, aby bezpe\u010dne odviedli mno\u017estv\u00e1 vody, ktor\u00e9 vznikaj\u00fa pri be\u017enej prev\u00e1dzke. Neobmedzen\u00e9 zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ovanie profilov st\u00f4k by v\u0161ak nebolo zmyslupln\u00e9 ani ekonomicky, ani technicky, preto\u017ee by sa museli zoh\u013eadni\u0165 aj mimoriadne zr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00e9 udalosti s ve\u013emi ve\u013ek\u00fdmi objemami vody. Pri intenz\u00edvnych pr\u00edvalov\u00fdch da\u017e\u010foch preto m\u00f4\u017ee kanaliza\u010dn\u00e1 sie\u0165 dosiahnu\u0165 hranicu svojej kapacity. Voda u\u017e nedok\u00e1\u017ee dostato\u010dne r\u00fdchlo odteka\u0165, st\u00fapa v stoke a \u0161\u00edri sa odvod\u0148ovac\u00edm syst\u00e9mom. V d\u00f4sledku toho m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 tla\u010den\u00e1 sp\u00e4\u0165 smerom k budove proti be\u017en\u00e9mu smeru pr\u00fadenia a vyteka\u0165 z pripojen\u00fdch odtokov\u00fdch miest vn\u00fatri budovy. Tento jav sa naz\u00fdva sp\u00e4tn\u00e9 vzdutie.<\/p><p>Sp\u00e4tn\u00e9 vzdutie sa t\u00fdka predov\u0161etk\u00fdm odtokov\u00fdch miest, ako s\u00fa podlahov\u00e9 vpusty, pripojenia pr\u00e1\u010dok alebo in\u00e9 odvod\u0148ovacie zariadenia v pivniciach a ni\u017e\u0161ie polo\u017een\u00fdch \u010dastiach budovy. Rozhoduj\u00faca je pritom hladina sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia. Ak sa odtokov\u00e9 miesta nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa pod hladinou sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia, hroz\u00ed, \u017ee cez ne vnikne do budovy voda z kanaliz\u00e1cie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-819aa2e elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"819aa2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe data-hl-waterways\r\n  src=\"https:\/\/www.hutterer-lechner.com\/widgets\/wasserwege\/?page=risk&lang=sk\"\r\n  title=\"HL \u00b7 Rozhoduj\u00faca hladina sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia\"\r\n  width=\"100%\" height=\"1000\" loading=\"lazy\"\r\n  style=\"display:block;border:0;width:100%;\"\r\n><\/iframe>\r\n<script src=\"https:\/\/www.hutterer-lechner.com\/widgets\/wasserwege\/?page=risk&lang=sk\/embed.js\" async><\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad79d0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ad79d0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hladina sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia je najvy\u0161\u0161ia \u00farove\u0148, do ktorej m\u00f4\u017ee voda v kanaliz\u00e1cii vyst\u00fapi\u0165. Je teda hranicou, po ktor\u00fa je budova ohrozen\u00e1 sp\u00e4tne vzdutou vodou, ak nie s\u00fa prijat\u00e9 vhodn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 opatrenia. Pod\u013ea \u00d6NORM B 2501 je rozhoduj\u00faca hladina sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia spravidla 15 cm nad \u00farov\u0148ou poklopu najbli\u017e\u0161ej \u0161achty alebo vtokovej mrie\u017eky najbli\u017e\u0161ieho uli\u010dn\u00e9ho vpustu pri poh\u013eade proti smeru pr\u00fadenia. Pri budov\u00e1ch na svahovit\u00fdch pozemkoch m\u00f4\u017eu jednotliv\u00e9 \u010dasti budovy le\u017ea\u0165 v\u00fdrazne ni\u017e\u0161ie ako pripojenie na verejn\u00fa kanaliz\u00e1ciu. V extr\u00e9mnych pr\u00edpadoch to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pod rozhoduj\u00facou hladinou sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia m\u00f4\u017eu le\u017ea\u0165 nielen pivnice, ale aj pr\u00edzemie \u010di dokonca vy\u0161\u0161ie podla\u017eia. Ak hladinu sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia nemo\u017eno pre miestne pomery jednozna\u010dne ur\u010di\u0165, mus\u00ed sa odborne stanovi\u0165 so zoh\u013eadnen\u00edm ter\u00e9nu, zn\u00ed\u017een\u00fdch miest vozovky, podjazdov a potenci\u00e1lnych z\u00e1plavov\u00fdch oblast\u00ed.<\/p><p>To, \u010di m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 budova sp\u00e4tn\u00fdm vzdut\u00edm skuto\u010dne zasiahnut\u00e1, v\u0161ak nez\u00e1vis\u00ed len od polohy odtokov\u00e9ho miesta. Riziko sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia z\u00e1vis\u00ed od viacer\u00fdch faktorov:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Typ kanaliza\u010dnej siete:<\/strong> V jednotnej kanaliz\u00e1cii sa da\u017e\u010fov\u00e1 a spla\u0161kov\u00e1 voda odv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa spolo\u010dne jednou stokou, tak\u017ee pri pr\u00edvalov\u00fdch da\u017e\u010foch sa v kr\u00e1tkom \u010dase m\u00f4\u017eu nahromadi\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e9 objemy vody, \u010do podporuje vznik sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia.<\/li><li><strong>\u010cerpacie stanice:<\/strong> Obmedzenia alebo poruchy na \u010derpac\u00edch staniciach m\u00f4\u017eu zhor\u0161i\u0165 odtok, a t\u00fdm zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 riziko sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia.<\/li><li><strong>Upchatia a usadeniny:<\/strong> Usadeniny, z\u00fa\u017eenia alebo in\u00e9 prek\u00e1\u017eky v kanaliza\u010dnej sieti m\u00f4\u017eu br\u00e1ni\u0165 odtoku a sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 vzdutie odpadovej vody.<\/li><li><strong>Odvod\u0148ovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m budovy:<\/strong> Nespr\u00e1vne navrhnut\u00fd a zhotoven\u00fd odvod\u0148ovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m m\u00f4\u017ee budovu vystavi\u0165 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu riziku sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia.<\/li><\/ul><h3><span lang=\"SK\">Bezpe\u010dne aj pod hladinou sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia<\/span><\/h3><p>Na ot\u00e1zku, ako chr\u00e1ni\u0165 budovu pred sp\u00e4tn\u00fdm vzdut\u00edm, neexistuje univerz\u00e1lna odpove\u010f. Vhodn\u00e9 opatrenie z\u00e1vis\u00ed okrem in\u00e9ho od umiestnenia zaria\u010fovac\u00edch predmetov, sp\u00e1du ku kanaliz\u00e1cii, druhu vznikaj\u00facej odpadovej vody a vyu\u017eitia pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch priestorov.<br \/>Pod\u013ea \u00d6NORM B 2501 sa odpadov\u00e1 voda z miest nad rozhoduj\u00facou hladinou sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia mus\u00ed odv\u00e1dza\u0165 do kanaliz\u00e1cie gravita\u010dn\u00fdm odvodnen\u00edm. Odtokov\u00e9 miesta pod touto hladinou musia by\u0165 chr\u00e1nen\u00e9 proti sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu vzdutiu. V z\u00e1vislosti od miestnych a stavebn\u00fdch podmienok mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 vhodn\u00e9 sp\u00e4tn\u00e9 uz\u00e1very alebo pre\u010derp\u00e1vacie zariadenia odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d.<\/p><p>\u00d6NORM v z\u00e1sade predpisuje pre\u010derp\u00e1vacie zariadenie odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d. Za nasleduj\u00facich podmienok ho v\u0161ak mo\u017eno nahradi\u0165 sp\u00e4tn\u00fdm uz\u00e1verom, ktor\u00fd je hospod\u00e1rnej\u0161\u00edm rie\u0161en\u00edm:<\/p><ul><li>K verejnej kanaliz\u00e1cii je k dispoz\u00edcii dostato\u010dn\u00fd sp\u00e1d.<\/li><li>Sp\u00e4tn\u00fd uz\u00e1ver je vhodn\u00fd na dan\u00fd \u00fa\u010del pou\u017eitia a na dan\u00fd druh odpadovej vody.<\/li><li>Pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 priestory sa vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa len na podradn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely.<\/li><li>Okruh pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov je obmedzen\u00fd na s\u00fakromn\u00fa dom\u00e1cnos\u0165.<\/li><li>Nad hladinou sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia zost\u00e1va k dispoz\u00edcii aspo\u0148 jedno WC.<\/li><li>Chr\u00e1nen\u00e9 odtokov\u00e9 miesto mo\u017eno po\u010das sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia ponecha\u0165 mimo pou\u017e\u00edvania.<\/li><\/ul><p>Osobitn\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky platia aj pre da\u017e\u010fov\u00fa vodu z pl\u00f4ch pod hladinou sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia. Ak voda nem\u00f4\u017ee vsakova\u0165 priamo na mieste, mus\u00ed sa spravidla zriadi\u0165 pre\u010derp\u00e1vacie zariadenie odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d alebo pre\u010derp\u00e1vacie zariadenie proti sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu vzdutiu. Plochy men\u0161ie ako 10 m\u00b2 mo\u017eno odvodni\u0165 cez vhodn\u00fd sp\u00e4tn\u00fd uz\u00e1ver. V takom pr\u00edpade mus\u00ed by\u0165 k dispoz\u00edcii dostato\u010dn\u00fd sp\u00e1d ku kanaliz\u00e1cii, ako aj stavebn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 opatrenia, ktor\u00e9 zabr\u00e1nia vniknutiu vody do ni\u017e\u0161ie polo\u017een\u00fdch priestorov.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e387b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"4e387b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe data-hl-waterways\r\n  src=\"https:\/\/www.hutterer-lechner.com\/widgets\/wasserwege\/?page=decision&lang=sk\"\r\n  title=\"HL \u00b7 Pre\u010derp\u00e1vacie zariadenie alebo sp\u00e4tn\u00fd uz\u00e1ver?\"\r\n  width=\"100%\" height=\"1000\" loading=\"lazy\"\r\n  style=\"display:block;border:0;width:100%;\"\r\n><\/iframe>\r\n<script src=\"https:\/\/www.hutterer-lechner.com\/widgets\/wasserwege\/?page=decision&lang=sk\/embed.js\" async><\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2736410 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2736410\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d3fb76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3d3fb76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span lang=\"SK\" style=\"color: windowtext;\">Ochrana proti sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu vzdutiu pomocou pre\u010derp\u00e1vac\u00edch zariaden\u00ed<\/span><\/h3><p>Pre\u010derp\u00e1vacie zariadenie odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d zhroma\u017e\u010fuje odpadov\u00fa vodu vznikaj\u00facu pod hladinou sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia a pre\u010derp\u00e1va ju v\u00fdtla\u010dn\u00fdm potrub\u00edm do kanaliz\u00e1cie. V\u00fdtla\u010dn\u00e9 potrubie sa vedie vo forme slu\u010dky proti sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu vzdutiu nad rozhoduj\u00facu hladinu sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia. Pod\u013ea \u00d6NORM B 2501 mus\u00ed by\u0165 dno slu\u010dky proti sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu vzdutiu najmenej 10 cm nad touto hladinou.<\/p><p>Pre\u010derp\u00e1vacie zariadenie je potrebn\u00e9 najm\u00e4 vtedy, ak nie je k dispoz\u00edcii dostato\u010dn\u00fd sp\u00e1d ku kanaliz\u00e1cii alebo ak nie s\u00fa splnen\u00e9 podmienky na pou\u017eitie sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho uz\u00e1veru. Ak je zariadenie dostato\u010dne dimenzovan\u00e9 a prev\u00e1dzkyschopn\u00e9, pripojen\u00e9 zaria\u010fovacie predmety mo\u017eno pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 aj po\u010das sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia.<\/p><p>In\u0161tal\u00e1cia pre\u010derp\u00e1vacieho zariadenia si vy\u017eaduje dostatok priestoru pre jeho n\u00e1dr\u017e, \u010derpadlo, riadiacu jednotku a v\u00fdtla\u010dn\u00e9 potrubie, ako aj elektrick\u00e9 pripojenie. Pri zariadeniach so zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdmi po\u017eiadavkami na prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fa spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 potrebn\u00e9 aj v\u00fdstra\u017en\u00e9 zariadenie, zdvojen\u00e9 pre\u010derp\u00e1vacie zariadenie alebo n\u00fadzov\u00e9 nap\u00e1janie. Ke\u010f\u017ee funkcia zariadenia z\u00e1vis\u00ed od mechanick\u00fdch a elektrick\u00fdch komponentov, s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 pravideln\u00e9 kontroly a \u00fadr\u017eba. Okrem vysok\u00fdch obstar\u00e1vac\u00edch n\u00e1kladov preto pri pre\u010derp\u00e1vac\u00edch zariadeniach a pre\u010derp\u00e1vac\u00edch zariadeniach proti sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu vzdutiu vznikaj\u00fa aj prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na energiu, \u00fadr\u017ebu a pr\u00edpadn\u00e9 r\u00fdchloopotrebite\u013en\u00e9 diely.<\/p><h3><span lang=\"SK\" style=\"color: windowtext;\">Ochrana proti sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu vzdutiu pomocou sp\u00e4tn\u00fdch uz\u00e1verov<\/span><\/h3><p>Sp\u00e4tn\u00fd uz\u00e1ver sa montuje priamo do kanaliza\u010dnej r\u00fary alebo do vtoku. Pri be\u017enej prev\u00e1dzke odtek\u00e1 odpadov\u00e1 voda bez prek\u00e1\u017eok do kanaliz\u00e1cie. Pri sp\u00e4tnom vzdut\u00ed sa uz\u00e1ver zatvor\u00ed, a t\u00fdm zabr\u00e1ni vniknutiu vody z kanaliz\u00e1cie do budovy. V z\u00e1vislosti od vyhotovenia pracuj\u00fa sp\u00e4tn\u00e9 uz\u00e1very mechanicky alebo s\u00fa riaden\u00e9 elektricky. Mechanick\u00e9 vyhotovenia sa pri sp\u00e4tnom vzdut\u00ed samo\u010dinne zatv\u00e1raj\u00fa tlakom vody a nepotrebuj\u00fa elektrick\u00e9 nap\u00e1janie. Elektricky riaden\u00e9 modely sa zatv\u00e1raj\u00fa pomocou uz\u00e1veru poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00e9ho motorom a v z\u00e1vislosti od vybavenia m\u00f4\u017eu poskytova\u0165 aj optick\u00fa a akustick\u00fa v\u00fdstra\u017en\u00fa signaliz\u00e1ciu a monitorovanie prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e9ho stavu. Pri elektricky riaden\u00fdch sp\u00e4tn\u00fdch uz\u00e1veroch zost\u00e1va prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fd uz\u00e1ver pri be\u017enej prev\u00e1dzke otvoren\u00fd, v\u010faka \u010domu je prierez r\u00fary z ve\u013ekej \u010dasti vo\u013en\u00fd a podporuje sa plynul\u00fd prietok.<\/p><p>\u00d6NORM EN 13564 rozli\u0161uje tieto typy:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Typ 0:<\/strong> Sp\u00e4tn\u00fd uz\u00e1ver s jedn\u00fdm samo\u010dinn\u00fdm uz\u00e1verom<\/li><li><strong>Typ 1:<\/strong> Sp\u00e4tn\u00fd uz\u00e1ver s jedn\u00fdm samo\u010dinn\u00fdm uz\u00e1verom a jedn\u00fdm n\u00fadzov\u00fdm uz\u00e1verom<\/li><li><strong>Typ 2:<\/strong> Sp\u00e4tn\u00fd uz\u00e1ver s dvoma samo\u010dinn\u00fdmi uz\u00e1vermi a jedn\u00fdm n\u00fadzov\u00fdm uz\u00e1verom<\/li><li><strong>Typ 3:<\/strong> Sp\u00e4tn\u00fd uz\u00e1ver s jedn\u00fdm samo\u010dinn\u00fdm uz\u00e1verom poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00fdm cudzou energiou a jedn\u00fdm n\u00fadzov\u00fdm uz\u00e1verom<\/li><li><strong>Typ 4:<\/strong> Sp\u00e4tn\u00fd uz\u00e1ver integrovan\u00fd do odtokov\u00e9ho telesa alebo podlahov\u00e9ho vpustu, s jedn\u00fdm samo\u010dinn\u00fdm uz\u00e1verom a jedn\u00fdm n\u00fadzov\u00fdm uz\u00e1verom<\/li><li><strong>Typ 5:<\/strong> Sp\u00e4tn\u00fd uz\u00e1ver integrovan\u00fd do odtokov\u00e9ho telesa alebo podlahov\u00e9ho vpustu, s dvoma samo\u010dinn\u00fdmi uz\u00e1vermi a jedn\u00fdm n\u00fadzov\u00fdm uz\u00e1verom<\/li><\/ul><p>V Rak\u00fasku aktu\u00e1lne platn\u00e1 \u00d6NORM B 2501 povo\u013euje pre odpadov\u00fa vodu s obsahom fek\u00e1li\u00ed typy 2 a 3. Ak s\u00fa splnen\u00e9 v\u0161etky podmienky pou\u017eitia (pozri vy\u0161\u0161ie), elektrick\u00fd pohon preto v tak\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadoch u\u017e nie je povinn\u00fd. Mechanick\u00e9 sp\u00e4tn\u00e9 uz\u00e1very funguj\u00fa bez elektrick\u00e9ho nap\u00e1jania a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa jednoduch\u0161iu kontrolu a \u010distenie. Okrem toho vyhotovenia s nerezov\u00fdmi klapkami chr\u00e1nia pred vniknut\u00edm potkanov a in\u00fdch hlodavcov z kanaliza\u010dnej siete. V\u00fdber vhodn\u00e9ho typu z\u00e1vis\u00ed od druhu odpadovej vody, situ\u00e1cie pri in\u0161tal\u00e1cii a vyu\u017eitia budovy.<\/p><p>Tabu\u013eka 1: Typy sp\u00e4tn\u00fdch uz\u00e1verov pod\u013ea \u00d6NORM EN 13564-1<\/p><table><tbody><tr><td width=\"132\"><p><strong>Typ pod\u013ea <br \/>\u00d6NORM EN 13564-1<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"170\"><p><strong>Vhodn\u00e1 odpadov\u00e1 voda<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"151\"><p><strong>Typick\u00e9 pou\u017eitie<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"151\"><p><strong>Vhodn\u00fd v\u00fdrobok HL<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"132\"><p><strong>Typ 0<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"170\"><p>Odpadov\u00e1 voda bez fek\u00e1li\u00ed a da\u017e\u010fov\u00e1 voda pod hladinou sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia<\/p><\/td><td width=\"151\"><p>Odtokov\u00e9 miesta pod hladinou sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia bez pripojenia WC<\/p><\/td><td width=\"151\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hutterer-lechner.com\/sk\/products\/catalog\/anti-flood-valves\/products\/automatic-backflow-valves\/hl710\/hl710.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HL710<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hutterer-lechner.com\/sk\/products\/catalog\/anti-flood-valves\/products\/automatic-backflow-valves\/hl712\/hl712.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HL712<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hutterer-lechner.com\/sk\/products\/catalog\/anti-flood-valves\/products\/automatic-backflow-valves\/hl715\/hl715.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HL715<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hutterer-lechner.com\/sk\/products\/catalog\/anti-flood-valves\/products\/automatic-backflow-valves\/hl720\/hl720.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HL720<\/a><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"132\"><p><strong>Typ 1<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"170\"><p>Odpadov\u00e1 voda bez fek\u00e1li\u00ed a da\u017e\u010fov\u00e1 voda pod hladinou sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia<\/p><\/td><td width=\"151\"><p>Odtokov\u00e9 miesta pod hladinou sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia bez pripojenia WC, pri ktor\u00fdch sa vy\u017eaduje aj mo\u017enos\u0165 ru\u010dn\u00e9ho uzatvorenia<\/p><\/td><td width=\"151\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hutterer-lechner.com\/sk\/products\/catalog\/anti-flood-valves\/products\/automatic-backflow-valves\/hl710\/hl710.1.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HL710.1<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hutterer-lechner.com\/sk\/products\/catalog\/anti-flood-valves\/products\/automatic-backflow-valves\/hl712\/hl712.1.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HL712.1<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hutterer-lechner.com\/sk\/products\/catalog\/anti-flood-valves\/products\/automatic-backflow-valves\/hl715\/hl715.1.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HL715.1<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hutterer-lechner.com\/sk\/products\/catalog\/anti-flood-valves\/products\/automatic-backflow-valves\/hl720\/hl720.1.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HL720.1<\/a><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"132\"><p><strong>Typ 2<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"170\"><p>Odpadov\u00e1 voda bez fek\u00e1li\u00ed, odpadov\u00e1 voda s obsahom fek\u00e1li\u00ed a da\u017e\u010fov\u00e1 voda pod hladinou sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia<\/p><\/td><td width=\"151\"><p>Odtokov\u00e9 miesta pod hladinou sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia s pripojen\u00edm WC<\/p><\/td><td width=\"151\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hutterer-lechner.com\/sk\/products\/catalog\/anti-flood-valves\/products\/automatic-backflow-valves\/hl710\/hl710.2.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HL710.2<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hutterer-lechner.com\/sk\/products\/catalog\/anti-flood-valves\/products\/automatic-backflow-valves\/hl712\/hl712.2.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HL712.2<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hutterer-lechner.com\/sk\/products\/catalog\/anti-flood-valves\/products\/automatic-backflow-valves\/hl715\/hl715.2.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HL715.2<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hutterer-lechner.com\/sk\/products\/catalog\/anti-flood-valves\/products\/automatic-backflow-valves\/hl720\/hl720.2.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HL720.2<\/a><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"132\"><p><strong>Typ 3<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"170\"><p>Odpadov\u00e1 voda bez fek\u00e1li\u00ed, odpadov\u00e1 voda s obsahom fek\u00e1li\u00ed a da\u017e\u010fov\u00e1 voda pod hladinou sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia<\/p><\/td><td width=\"151\"><p>Odtokov\u00e9 miesta pod hladinou sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia s pripojen\u00edm WC, pri ktor\u00fdch je \u017eelan\u00fd alebo potrebn\u00fd uz\u00e1ver poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00fd cudzou energiou<\/p><\/td><td width=\"151\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hutterer-lechner.com\/sk\/products\/catalog\/anti-flood-valves\/products\/automatic-backflow-valves\/hl710\/hl710.2epc.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HL710.2EPC<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hutterer-lechner.com\/sk\/products\/catalog\/anti-flood-valves\/products\/automatic-backflow-valves\/hl712\/hl712.2epc.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HL712.2EPC<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hutterer-lechner.com\/sk\/products\/catalog\/anti-flood-valves\/products\/automatic-backflow-valves\/hl715\/hl715.2epc.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HL715.2EPC<\/a><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"132\"><p><strong>Typ 4<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"170\"><p>Odpadov\u00e1 voda bez fek\u00e1li\u00ed a da\u017e\u010fov\u00e1 voda pod hladinou sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia<\/p><\/td><td width=\"151\"><p>Podlahov\u00e9 vpusty pod hladinou sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia bez pripojenia WC<\/p><\/td><td width=\"151\"><p>&#8211;<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"132\"><p><strong>Typ 5<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"170\"><p>Odpadov\u00e1 voda bez fek\u00e1li\u00ed a da\u017e\u010fov\u00e1 voda pod hladinou sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia<\/p><\/td><td width=\"151\"><p>Podlahov\u00e9 vpusty pod hladinou sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia bez pripojenia WC<\/p><\/td><td width=\"151\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hutterer-lechner.com\/sk\/products\/catalog\/anti-flood-valves\/products\/basement-drain-with-backwater-protection\/hl77\/hl77.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HL77<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hutterer-lechner.com\/sk\/products\/catalog\/anti-flood-valves\/products\/basement-drain-with-backwater-protection\/hl77\/hl77.1.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HL77.1<\/a><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>Cez sp\u00e4tn\u00fd uz\u00e1ver sa sm\u00fa odvod\u0148ova\u0165 len odtokov\u00e9 miesta pod rozhoduj\u00facou hladinou sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia. Odpadov\u00e1 voda vznikaj\u00faca nad touto hladinou sa mus\u00ed za\u00fasti\u0165 do kanaliz\u00e1cie v smere pr\u00fadenia za sp\u00e4tn\u00fdm uz\u00e1verom. Inak by sa t\u00e1to voda po\u010das sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia, ke\u010f je prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fd uz\u00e1ver zatvoren\u00fd, mohla vzd\u00fava\u0165 vo vn\u00fatornej kanaliz\u00e1cii budovy a sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 samozaplavenie. Sp\u00e4tn\u00fd uz\u00e1ver mus\u00ed zosta\u0165 trvalo pr\u00edstupn\u00fd na kontrolu, \u010distenie a \u00fadr\u017ebu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-597c0f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"597c0f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe data-hl-waterways\r\n  src=\"https:\/\/www.hutterer-lechner.com\/widgets\/wasserwege\/?page=installation&lang=sk\"\r\n  title=\"HL \u00b7 Jedna chyba s ve\u013ek\u00fdmi n\u00e1sledkami\"\r\n  width=\"100%\" height=\"1000\" loading=\"lazy\"\r\n  style=\"display:block;border:0;width:100%;\"\r\n><\/iframe>\r\n<script src=\"https:\/\/www.hutterer-lechner.com\/widgets\/wasserwege\/?page=installation&lang=sk\/embed.js\" async><\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c13e47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c13e47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pri v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch alebo komer\u010dne vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch budov\u00e1ch je spravidla potrebn\u00e9 pre\u010derp\u00e1vacie zariadenie. V s\u00fakromn\u00fdch obytn\u00fdch budov\u00e1ch m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vhodn\u00fd sp\u00e4tn\u00fd uz\u00e1ver hospod\u00e1rnym a spo\u013eahliv\u00fdm rie\u0161en\u00edm, ak s\u00fa splnen\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky noriem. Technick\u00fd t\u00edm spolo\u010dnosti HL v\u00e1m r\u00e1d pom\u00f4\u017ee s v\u00fdberom a navrhovan\u00edm.<\/p><h3><span lang=\"SK\" style=\"color: windowtext;\">Dodato\u010dn\u00e1 in\u0161tal\u00e1cia ochrany proti sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu vzdutiu v existuj\u00facich budov\u00e1ch<\/span><\/h3><p>V existuj\u00facich budov\u00e1ch \u010dasto p\u00f4vodn\u00e9 vedenie potrub\u00ed a obmedzen\u00fd priestor s\u0165a\u017euj\u00fa dodato\u010dn\u00fa in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu ochrany proti sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu vzdutiu v s\u00falade s normou. Prv\u00fdm krokom je podrobn\u00fd prieskum s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho stavu so zoh\u013eadnen\u00edm rozhoduj\u00facej hladiny sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia, ohrozen\u00fdch odtokov\u00fdch miest, jestvuj\u00faceho sp\u00e1du ku kanaliz\u00e1cii, druhu odpadovej vody a vyu\u017eitia pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch priestorov.<\/p><p>Pod\u013ea \u00d6NORM B 2501 sa odpadov\u00e1 voda vznikaj\u00faca nad hladinou sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia mus\u00ed aj na\u010falej odv\u00e1dza\u0165 do kanaliz\u00e1cie gravita\u010dn\u00fdm odvodnen\u00edm. Ak je to mo\u017en\u00e9, odvod\u0148ovan\u00e9 oblasti nad hladinou sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia a pod \u0148ou sa musia vies\u0165 oddelene. Odtokov\u00e9 miesta pod touto hladinou sa musia spravidla odvod\u0148ova\u0165 cez pre\u010derp\u00e1vacie zariadenie odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d so slu\u010dkou proti sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu vzdutiu alebo cez sp\u00e4tn\u00fd uz\u00e1ver.<br \/>Ak v\u0161ak oddelenie odvod\u0148ovan\u00fdch oblast\u00ed v existuj\u00facej budove nie je ekonomicky alebo technicky realizovate\u013en\u00e9, \u00d6NORM za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podmienok povo\u013euje kombinovan\u00e9 rie\u0161enie pozost\u00e1vaj\u00face zo sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho uz\u00e1veru typu 3 a pre\u010derp\u00e1vacieho zariadenia.<\/p><p>Ak nemo\u017eno realizova\u0165 ani jedno z t\u00fdchto rie\u0161en\u00ed v s\u00falade s normou, mo\u017eno v jednotliv\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 priestorovo \u00fasporn\u00e9 a hospod\u00e1rne osobitn\u00e9 rie\u0161enie so sp\u00e4tn\u00fdm uz\u00e1verom. To v\u0161ak so sebou nesie vy\u0161\u0161ie op\u00edsan\u00e9 riziko samozaplavenia. Preto je nevyhnutn\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 pos\u00fadenie, napr\u00edklad technick\u00fdm t\u00edmom spolo\u010dnosti HL.<\/p><h3><span lang=\"SK\">Ako zabezpe\u010di\u0165 dlhodob\u00fa funk\u010dnos\u0165 ochrany proti sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu vzdutiu<\/span><\/h3><p>Aj ochrana proti sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu vzdutiu, ktor\u00e1 bola vybran\u00e1 a nain\u0161talovan\u00e1 v s\u00falade s normami, m\u00f4\u017ee spo\u013eahlivo fungova\u0165 len vtedy, ak sa v\u0161etky komponenty pravidelne kontroluj\u00fa, \u010distia a udr\u017eiavaj\u00fa. Usadeniny, cudzie predmety a po\u0161kodenia m\u00f4\u017eu zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 \u00fapln\u00e9mu zatvoreniu sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho uz\u00e1veru. Pri pre\u010derp\u00e1vac\u00edch zariadeniach m\u00f4\u017eu v\u00fdpadky sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 poruchy \u010derpadla, regul\u00e1cie hladiny, zabezpe\u010denia proti sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu toku alebo v\u00fdstra\u017en\u00e9ho zariadenia.<\/p><p>Pre sp\u00e4tn\u00e9 uz\u00e1very odpor\u00fa\u010da \u00d6NORM EN 13564-1 kontrolu na mieste a sk\u00fa\u0161ku funk\u010dnosti dvakr\u00e1t ro\u010dne. Pri typoch 0, 1, 2, 4 a 5 ich m\u00f4\u017eu vykon\u00e1va\u0165 sp\u00f4sobil\u00e9 osoby. Sp\u00e4tn\u00e9 uz\u00e1very typu 3 musia kontrolova\u0165 kvalifikovan\u00ed odborn\u00edci. <br \/><br \/>Pre pre\u010derp\u00e1vacie zariadenia odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d uv\u00e1dza \u00d6NORM EN 12056-4, \u017ee prev\u00e1dzkovate\u013e by mal raz mesa\u010dne kontrolova\u0165 prev\u00e1dzkyschopnos\u0165 sledovan\u00edm najmenej dvoch sp\u00ednac\u00edch cyklov. Odborn\u00e1 \u00fadr\u017eba pre\u010derp\u00e1vacieho zariadenia sa m\u00e1 vykon\u00e1va\u0165 najmenej ka\u017ed\u00e9 tri mesiace pri komer\u010dn\u00fdch prev\u00e1dzkach, ka\u017ed\u00fdch \u0161es\u0165 mesiacov v bytov\u00fdch domoch a raz ro\u010dne v rodinn\u00fdch domoch. Okrem toho sa zariadenie mus\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 dva roky prepl\u00e1chnu\u0165 vodou.<\/p><p>Autorizovan\u00e9ho servisn\u00e9ho partnera HL pre sp\u00e4tn\u00e9 uz\u00e1very vo va\u0161om okol\u00ed n\u00e1jdete <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hutterer-lechner.com\/de\/products\/dictionary\/anti-flood-valves\/servicepartner.aspx\">tu<\/a>. S technick\u00fdmi ot\u00e1zkami a pri h\u013eadan\u00ed vhodn\u00e9ho rie\u0161enia v\u00e1m je k dispoz\u00edcii t\u00edm podpory HL.<\/p><h3><span lang=\"SK\">Prevencia proti sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu vzdutiu sa za\u010d\u00edna u\u017e pri pl\u00e1novan\u00ed<\/span><\/h3><p>Sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu vzdutiu vo verejnej kanaliz\u00e1cii nemo\u017eno \u00faplne zabr\u00e1ni\u0165. Prezieravo navrhnut\u00e9 odvodnenie budovy v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00fdrazne zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 za\u0165a\u017eenie odvod\u0148ovacieho syst\u00e9mu aj riziko \u0161k\u00f4d.<\/p><p>D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm opatren\u00edm je oddelen\u00e9 odv\u00e1dzanie spla\u0161kovej a da\u017e\u010fovej vody. Pod\u013ea \u00d6NORM B 2501 sa v novostavb\u00e1ch musia oba druhy v\u00f4d vn\u00fatri budovy vies\u0165 v oddelen\u00fdch potrubiach. Aj tam, kde je verejn\u00e1 kanaliz\u00e1cia jednotn\u00e1, by sa toto oddelenie malo pod\u013ea mo\u017enosti zachova\u0165 a\u017e po uli\u010dn\u00fa stoku. Odvodnenie budovy tak zost\u00e1va hydraulicky jednoduch\u00e9 a da\u017e\u010fov\u00fa vodu mo\u017eno cielene necha\u0165 vsakova\u0165, zadr\u017eiava\u0165 alebo vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165.<\/p><p>Zelen\u00e9 strechy a reten\u010dn\u00e9 strechy zadr\u017eiavaj\u00fa \u010das\u0165 da\u017e\u010fovej vody a uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa ju s oneskoren\u00edm. T\u00fdm sa zni\u017euje \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fd odtok a po\u010das pr\u00edvalov\u00fdch da\u017e\u010fov sa od\u013eah\u010duje kanaliza\u010dn\u00e1 sie\u0165. Doplnkovo mo\u017eno vyu\u017ei\u0165 vsakovacie zariadenia, reten\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee alebo akumula\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee na da\u017e\u010fov\u00fa vodu. \u00d6NORM B 2501 odpor\u00fa\u010da vsakovanie na pozemku, ak s\u00fa na to vhodn\u00e9 p\u00f4dne a miestne podmienky. Zelen\u00e9 strechy a in\u00e9 reten\u010dn\u00e9 opatrenia v\u0161ak nenahr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa pr\u00edpadne potrebn\u00fa ochranu proti sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu vzdutiu.<\/p><p>Rovnako d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 s\u00fa stavebn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 opatrenia. Ter\u00e9n a v\u0161etky spevnen\u00e9 plochy by mali by\u0165 upraven\u00e9 tak, aby sa povrchov\u00e1 voda odv\u00e1dzala smerom od budovy. Pivni\u010dn\u00e9 okn\u00e1, svetl\u00edky, vonkaj\u0161ie pivni\u010dn\u00e9 schody a vjazdy do gar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed pod rozhoduj\u00facou hladinou sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia mo\u017eno chr\u00e1ni\u0165 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdmi obrubami, prahmi alebo vhodnou hydroizol\u00e1ciou. Da\u017e\u010fov\u00e1 voda z pl\u00f4ch pod touto hladinou sa nesmie bez ochrany odv\u00e1dza\u0165 gravita\u010dn\u00fdm odvodnen\u00edm do kanaliz\u00e1cie ohrozenej sp\u00e4tn\u00fdm vzdut\u00edm.<\/p><p>\u00da\u010dinn\u00e1 prevencia proti sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu vzdutiu teda vypl\u00fdva zo s\u00fahry zadr\u017eiavania da\u017e\u010fovej vody, oddelen\u00fdch odvod\u0148ovac\u00edch potrub\u00ed, stavebnej ochrany pred zaplaven\u00edm a ochrany proti sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu vzdutiu v s\u00falade s normou.<\/p><h3><span lang=\"SK\">Z\u00e1ver: s\u00fahra pl\u00e1novania, techniky a \u00fadr\u017eby<\/span><\/h3><p>Sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu vzdutiu vo verejnej kanaliz\u00e1cii nemo\u017eno \u00faplne zabr\u00e1ni\u0165, \u0161kod\u00e1m na budove v\u0161ak v mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 mo\u017eno. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 je v\u010das identifikova\u0165 ohrozen\u00e9 odtokov\u00e9 miesta a \u010dasti budovy a prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 odvodnenie hladine sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho vzdutia, vyu\u017eitiu budovy a miestnym podmienkam.<\/p><p>\u010ci u\u017e ide o pre\u010derp\u00e1vacie zariadenie, alebo o sp\u00e4tn\u00fd uz\u00e1ver, vhodn\u00e9 rie\u0161enie mus\u00ed sp\u013a\u0148a\u0165 po\u017eiadavky platn\u00fdch noriem \u00d6NORM a by\u0165 prisp\u00f4soben\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tnemu pou\u017eitiu. Odborn\u00e9 navrhovanie, spr\u00e1vna in\u0161tal\u00e1cia a pravideln\u00e1 kontrola a \u00fadr\u017eba s\u00fa rovnako d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 ako stavebn\u00e9 prevent\u00edvne opatrenia a premyslen\u00e9 hospod\u00e1renie s da\u017e\u010fovou vodou.<\/p><p>Mnoh\u00e9 \u0161kody sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 sp\u00e4tn\u00fdm vzdut\u00edm, ktor\u00fdm sa dalo pred\u00eds\u0165, vznikaj\u00fa v d\u00f4sledku ch\u00fdb pri navrhovan\u00ed alebo nevhodn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch opatren\u00ed. Ochranu proti sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu vzdutiu je preto potrebn\u00e9 od sam\u00e9ho za\u010diatku rie\u0161i\u0165 spolu s odborn\u00fdmi projektantmi a in\u0161talat\u00e9rmi.<\/p><h3><span lang=\"SK\">Zdroje<\/span><\/h3><ol><li><ol><li>Austrian Standards International: <em>\u00d6NORM B 2501:2025-02-01 \u2013 Odvod\u0148ovacie syst\u00e9my budov a pozemkov \u2013 Navrhovanie, zhotovenie a sk\u00fa\u0161anie \u2013 Dopl\u0148uj\u00face ustanovenia k \u00d6NORM EN 12056 (v\u0161etky \u010dasti).<\/em> Viede\u0148: Austrian Standards International.<\/li><li>Austrian Standards International: <em>\u00d6NORM EN 12056-4:2000-12-01 \u2013 Syst\u00e9my gravita\u010dn\u00e9ho odvodnenia vn\u00fatri budov \u2013 \u010cas\u0165 4: Pre\u010derp\u00e1vacie zariadenia odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d \u2013 Usporiadanie a v\u00fdpo\u010det.<\/em> Viede\u0148: Austrian Standards International.<\/li><li>Austrian Standards International: <em>\u00d6NORM EN 13564-1:2002-10-01 \u2013 Zariadenia proti sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu vzdutiu v budov\u00e1ch \u2013 \u010cas\u0165 1: Po\u017eiadavky.<\/em> Viede\u0148: Austrian Standards International.<\/li><li>GeoSphere Austria (2025): <em>Starkregen hat deutlich zugenommen<\/em> [Pr\u00edvalov\u00fdch da\u017e\u010fov v\u00fdrazne pribudlo]. Uverejnen\u00e9 12. marca 2025. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geosphere.at\/de\/aktuelles\/news\/starkregen-hat-deutlich-zugenommen\">geosphere.at\/de\/aktuelles\/news\/starkregen-hat-deutlich-zugenommen<\/a> (citovan\u00e9 6. augusta 2026).<\/li><\/ol><p><strong>Pozn\u00e1mka:<\/strong> Technick\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie zodpovedaj\u00fa stavu noriem k augustu 2026. Pri navrhovan\u00ed a in\u0161tal\u00e1cii je v\u017edy potrebn\u00e9 dodr\u017eiava\u0165 aktu\u00e1lne normy a miestne po\u017eiadavky pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho prev\u00e1dzkovate\u013ea kanaliza\u010dnej siete. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nok poskytuje technick\u00e9 usmernenie, nenahr\u00e1dza v\u0161ak odborn\u00e9 navrhovanie konkr\u00e9tneho projektu.<\/p><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rak\u00fasko, podobne ako mnoh\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie regi\u00f3ny Eur\u00f3py, \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie za\u017e\u00edva extr\u00e9mne v\u00fdkyvy po\u010dasia. Po dlh\u00fdch obdobiach sucha a hor\u00fa\u010dav \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie nasleduj\u00fa intenz\u00edvne pr\u00edvalov\u00e9 da\u017ede, pri ktor\u00fdch v priebehu ve\u013emi kr\u00e1tkeho \u010dasu spadne mimoriadne ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo zr\u00e1\u017eok. Predt\u00fdm vysu\u0161en\u00e1 p\u00f4da \u010dasto dok\u00e1\u017ee absorbova\u0165 len obmedzen\u00e9 mno\u017estvo vody, v d\u00f4sledku \u010doho voda odtek\u00e1 po povrchu a r\u00fdchlo sa hromad\u00ed. Prirodzen\u00e9 vsakovanie vody navy\u0161e s\u0165a\u017euj\u00fa nepriepustn\u00e9 spevnen\u00e9 plochy v zastavan\u00fdch oblastiach.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":10318,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[645],"tags":[731,729,724,730,733,728,726,727,725,732],"class_list":["post-10384","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tesnenie","tag-kanalizacny-system","tag-ochrana-pred-zaplavenim","tag-ochrana-proti-spaetnemu-vzdutiu","tag-odvodnenie-budov","tag-precerpavanie-odpadovych-vod","tag-privalove-dazde","tag-spaetna-klapka","tag-spaetne-vzdutie-odpadovej-vody","tag-spaetny-uzaver","tag-zaplavenie-pivnice"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Voda a\u017e po krk: spr\u00e1vna ochrana proti sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu vzdutiu - Siphoniker-Blog, HL Hutterer &amp; Lechner GmbH in Himberg<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Rak\u00fasko, podobne ako mnoh\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie regi\u00f3ny Eur\u00f3py, \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie za\u017e\u00edva extr\u00e9mne v\u00fdkyvy po\u010dasia. Po dlh\u00fdch obdobiach sucha a hor\u00fa\u010dav \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie nasleduj\u00fa intenz\u00edvne pr\u00edvalov\u00e9 da\u017ede, pri ktor\u00fdch v priebehu ve\u013emi kr\u00e1tkeho \u010dasu spadne mimoriadne ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo zr\u00e1\u017eok. Predt\u00fdm vysu\u0161en\u00e1 p\u00f4da \u010dasto dok\u00e1\u017ee absorbova\u0165 len obmedzen\u00e9 mno\u017estvo vody, v d\u00f4sledku \u010doho voda odtek\u00e1 po povrchu a r\u00fdchlo sa hromad\u00ed. Prirodzen\u00e9 vsakovanie vody navy\u0161e s\u0165a\u017euj\u00fa nepriepustn\u00e9 spevnen\u00e9 plochy v zastavan\u00fdch oblastiach. Zistite, ako spr\u00e1vne napl\u00e1nova\u0165 ochranu proti sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu vzdutiu a chr\u00e1ni\u0165 budovu pred zaplaven\u00edm a \u0161kodami sp\u00f4soben\u00fdmi pr\u00edvalov\u00fdmi da\u017e\u010fami.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.siphoniker.at\/sk\/voda-az-po-krk-spravna-ochrana-proti-spaetnemu-vzdutiu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Voda a\u017e po krk: spr\u00e1vna ochrana proti sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu vzdutiu - Siphoniker-Blog, HL Hutterer &amp; Lechner GmbH in Himberg\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rak\u00fasko, podobne ako mnoh\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie regi\u00f3ny Eur\u00f3py, \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie za\u017e\u00edva extr\u00e9mne v\u00fdkyvy po\u010dasia. Po dlh\u00fdch obdobiach sucha a hor\u00fa\u010dav \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie nasleduj\u00fa intenz\u00edvne pr\u00edvalov\u00e9 da\u017ede, pri ktor\u00fdch v priebehu ve\u013emi kr\u00e1tkeho \u010dasu spadne mimoriadne ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo zr\u00e1\u017eok. Predt\u00fdm vysu\u0161en\u00e1 p\u00f4da \u010dasto dok\u00e1\u017ee absorbova\u0165 len obmedzen\u00e9 mno\u017estvo vody, v d\u00f4sledku \u010doho voda odtek\u00e1 po povrchu a r\u00fdchlo sa hromad\u00ed. Prirodzen\u00e9 vsakovanie vody navy\u0161e s\u0165a\u017euj\u00fa nepriepustn\u00e9 spevnen\u00e9 plochy v zastavan\u00fdch oblastiach. 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